Short CommunicationAnalysis of 30 insertion–deletion polymorphisms in the Japanese population using the Investigator DIPplex® kit
Introduction
Recent forensic interest has focused on insertion–deletion polymorphisms (INDELs or DIPs) for personal identification. Several authors have reported population genetic data for INDELs since the development of the first commercial kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]. The kit can be used for typing 30 INDELs, and is designed to generate amplicons of less than 160 bp, with the optimal amount of DNA is set low volume (0.2–0.5 ng) according to the manual. Therefore, this technique may be capable of efficiently analyzing degraded samples. In this study, we investigated data obtained from a Japanese population for the 30 INDELs using the commercially available kit, and the allelic frequencies among the Japanese population data were compared with those of other populations. In addition, to assess the effectiveness of the kit in analyzing degraded DNA, we analyzed an ancient bone sample of a Jomon skeleton.
Section snippets
Population
This study was approved by the ethics committee of Shinshu University. With informed consent, we collected samples from 251 unrelated, healthy, adult Japanese individuals (154 males and 97 females). The Jomon skeleton, which was discovered at the Shimekake site in Nagano, Japan, was used as the highly degraded DNA sample. This skeleton is estimated to belong to the Jomon period, approximately 3,300–2,200 years ago [11].
DNA extraction
DNA was extracted from blood or buccal mucosa cells using the QIAamp DNA
Results and discussion
Table 1 shows the allele frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of 30 INDELs in the Japanese population. The genotype frequency distributions showed no significant deviation from HWE by an exact test (p = 0.0017, after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing). Ho values ranged from 0.1474 (HLD 118) to 0.5538 (HLD 136), with a mean value of 0.422. The PD values ranged from 0.258 (HLD 118) to 0.623 (HLD 56), and 24 of the 30 INDELs showed PD values greater than 0.5. The combined PD
Access of data
Available upon request to [email protected].
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